The shoulder relies predominantly on dynamic muscular control to provide stability. Following management of acute shoulder Instability, physical and psychosocial factors can influence motor control in the presence of pain and injury. Dysfunctional motor control of the shoulder muscles, poor posture, and weak core stability can compromise stability at the GHJ.
If the patient is struggling to do rehabilitation exercises, then biofeedback, F-ES (functional electrical stimulation) and NMES superimposed functional training can be used as adjunct to improve quality and intensity of the exercise through improving motor control and neuroplasticity (Jaggi and Alexander 2017) .
sEMG (Surface electromyography) to provide biofeedback can help to encourage patient to activiate or inhibit one group of muscles over another. sEMG with repetitive practice has been shown to be effective in shoulder instability rehabilitation by activating the right muscles (Video 1)
- Visual biofeedback to encourage participation
- Set targeted improvement base on objective measurement
- Report of patient progress - quantity and intensity
